To do this, we simply need to use Newton's Law of Universal Gravitation with Cavendish's gravitational constant. Gravity is the weakest of the four fundamental interactions of physics, approximately 1038 times weaker than the strong interaction, 1036 times weaker than the electromagnetic force and 1029 times weaker than the weak interaction.
Yet, it also controls the trajectories of bodies in the universe and the structure of the whole cosmos. [37] This value has persisted in meteorology and in some standard atmospheres as the value for 45° latitude even though it applies more precisely to latitude of 45°32'33".[38]. 2 But even after more than 400 years of study, the enigmatic force still lies at the heart of some of the discipline's greatest mysteries. Ancient Greek and Indian philosophers observed that objects naturally moved toward the ground, but it would take a flash of insight from Isaac Newton to elevate gravity from an inscrutable tendency of objects to a measurable and predictable phenomenon. Galileo's work set the stage for the formulation of Newton's theory of gravity.[14].

As the distance away from the sun (r) doubles, the area of the sphere surrounding the sun quadruples.

Mars is smaller and has less mass than Earth. Chances are about 50–50. The strong force and the weak force operate only inside the centers of atoms.

On Earth, gravity gives weight to physical objects, and the Moon's gravity causes the ocean tides. Receive mail from us on behalf of our trusted partners or sponsors? From collapsing hydrogen clouds into stars to gluing galaxies together, gravity represents one of just a few players that determine the broad strokes of the universe's evolution. Everyone has experience with gravity and its effects near the surface of Earth, and our intuitive view of the world includes an understanding that what goes up must come down. It can also be said that gravity is a natural phenomenon by which all things with mass or energy—including planets, stars, galaxies, and even light[3]—are brought toward (or gravitate toward) one another. The German-American physicist Albert Einstein brought about the next revolution in our understanding of gravity.
When riding a roller coaster you may feel a lot more g forces at times. Kepler’s three quantitative laws of planetary motion are: During this same period the Italian astronomer and natural philosopher Galileo Galilei made progress in understanding “natural” motion and simple accelerated motion for earthly objects.