There are a number of memorials and cemeteries on the Asian shore of the Dardanelles, demonstrating the greater emphasis that Turkish historians place on the victory of 18 March over the subsequent fighting on the peninsula.

[169] Conditions at Gallipoli grew worse for everyone as summer heat and poor sanitation resulted in an explosion in the fly population. [123], On 19 May, 42,000 Ottoman troops launched an attack at Anzac to push the 17,000 Australians and New Zealanders back into the sea. [236][16] Sanders estimated that the Ottomans had 218,000 casualties, including 66,000 dead and that 42,000 wounded returned to duty.

The Dardanelles Campaign against the Turks was a bloody defeat for the Allies. [90] About four hours after the landings began, the bulk of the 1st Australian Division was ashore safely and its leading elements were pushing inland. [22] The German Empire and Austria-Hungary closed the overland trade routes between Britain and France in the west and Russia in the east. [130] A German submarine, U-21, sank HMS Triumph on 25 May and HMS Majestic on 27 May.

Between April and December 1915, nine British and four French submarines carried out 15 patrols, sinking one battleship, one destroyer, five gunboats, 11 troop transports, 44 supply ships and 148 sailing vessels at a cost of eight Allied submarines sunk in the strait or in the Sea of Marmara. [38] Minesweepers, manned by civilians, retreated under Ottoman artillery fire, leaving the minefields largely intact. In the summer of 1917, Churchill was eventually appointed to the cabinet-level post of Minister of Munitions but not to the War Cabinet. Birdwood signalled on 17 May that 17 transports would be returning to Alexandria to offload 5251 horses accompanied by 3217 men.

[109] The following night, Birdwood ordered the New Zealand and Australian Division to attack from Russell's Top and Quinn's Post towards Baby 700. The landing site was garrisoned by only two Ottoman companies but from positions on commanding ground the Ottomans inflicted numerous casualties on the Australians before being overcome. [56], At 04:00 on the morning of 25 April the first wave of troops from the 3rd Brigade began moving towards the shore on lighters and the ships' boats. [74] Kemal, whose 19th Division was vital to the defensive scheme, observed the beaches and awaited signs of an invasion from his post at Boghali, near Maidos. The campaign was considered a great Ottoman victory. Naval Operations in the Dardanelles Campaign. [1] Following the failure of the Dardanelles expedition, Sir Ian Hamilton, commander of the MEF, was recalled to London in October 1915, ending his military career. As landings began at Cape Helles and ANZAC Cove at dawn on 25 April, AE2 reached Chanak by 06:00 and torpedoed a Turkish gunboat believed to be a Peyk-i Şevket-class cruiser and evaded a destroyer. [41] During the planning of the campaign, naval losses had been anticipated and mainly obsolete battleships, unfit to face the German fleet, had been sent. [72] Sanders was certain that a rigid system of defence would fail and that the only hope of success lay in the mobility of the three groups, particularly the 19th Division near Boghali, in general reserve, ready to move to Bulair, Gaba Tepe or the Asiatic shore. [167] On 25 September, Kitchener proposed detaching two British and one French division for service in Salonika in Greece, which was the beginning of the end of the Allied campaign at Gallipoli. Altogether, the equivalent of some 16 British, Australian, New Zealand, Indian, and French divisions took part in the campaign. Hamilton resisted the suggestion, fearing the damage to British prestige but was sacked shortly afterwards and replaced by Lieutenant General Sir Charles Monro. A Turkish perspective on the Gallipoli Campaign (1915–16), widely known among Turks as the Battle of Çanakkale. [36][44] Soldiers from the Australian Imperial Force (AIF) and New Zealand Expeditionary Force (NZEF) were encamped in Egypt, undergoing training prior to being sent to France. [168], Alan Moorehead wrote that during the stalemate, an old Ottoman batman was regularly permitted to hang his platoon's washing on the barbed wire undisturbed and that there was a "constant traffic" of gifts being thrown across no-man's land, dates and sweets from the Ottoman side and cans of beef and packs of cigarettes from the Allied side. Contact On March 18 the bombardment was continued. The central point ion the region is the city of Canakkale on the Asian side of the Dardenelles, which is crossed by ferry to the east shore. A mine was detonated at the Nek, which killed 70 Ottoman soldiers. [114] E2 left the Sea of Marmara on 2 January 1916, the last British submarine in the region. [91] Stoker was ordered to "generally run amok" and with no enemies in sight, he sailed into the Sea of Marmara, where AE2 cruised for five days to give the impression of greater numbers and made several attacks against Ottoman ships, which failed because of mechanical problems with the torpedoes. Commercial re-use may be allowed on request. [161], The Suvla landing was reinforced by the arrival of the 10th (Irish) Division on 7 August, the 53rd (Welsh) Division, which began landing on 8 August, the 54th (East Anglian) Division arriving late on 10 August and the dismounted yeomanry of the 2nd Mounted Division on 18 August. [189] Unlike the evacuation from Anzac Cove, Ottoman forces were looking for signs of withdrawal. The Russian cruiser Askold and the French cruiser Requin were also there. [155], The landing at Suvla Bay took place on the night of 6 August against light opposition; the British commander, Lieutenant General Frederick Stopford, had limited his early objectives and then failed to forcefully push his demands for an advance inland and little more than the beach was seized.

[171] After consulting with the commanders of VIII Corps at Helles, IX Corps at Suvla and Anzac, Kitchener agreed with Monro and passed his recommendation to the British Cabinet, who confirmed the decision to evacuate in early December.

Control of the hills would have united the Anzac and Suvla fronts but the attacks failed.