[368] By 2010, the industry had recovered, and arrivals grew above 2006 levels to 5.2 million international visitors, and receipts from these visitors reached US$6 billion. [36] In Portuguese, brazilwood is called pau-brasil, with the word brasil commonly given the etymology "red like an ember", formed from brasa ("ember") and the suffix -il (from -iculum or -ilium). The Brazilian population is characterized by a large ethnic and cultural diversity: according to the Brazilian Institute of Geography and Statistics (IBGE), there are 47.7% of Whites, 43.1% of Metis, 7.6% of Blacks and about 2% of Asians and Indians in Brazil. [262] Brazil has been the world's largest producer of coffee for the last 150 years.[24]. The country Brazil is located on the continent of South America. [187] These ranges include the Mantiqueira and Espinhaço mountains and the Serra do Mar. [79], In late 1807, Spanish and Napoleonic forces threatened the security of continental Portugal, causing Prince Regent João, in the name of Queen Maria I, to move the royal court from Lisbon to Rio de Janeiro. Starting in the late 1980s, rapid deforestation and extensive burning in Brazil received considerable international and national attention. [369] Brazilians traveling overseas in 2006 represented 4% of the country's population. Among the Brazilian environmental NGOs, the most visible are SOS Atlantic Forest (SOS Mata Atlântica), the Social-Environmental Institute (Instituto Sócio-Ambiental—ISA), the Pro-Nature Foundation (Fundação Pró-Natureza—Funatura), and the Amazon Working Group (Grupo de Trabalho Amazônico—GTA). Among the most renowned Brazilian inventors are priests Bartolomeu de Gusmão, Landell de Moura and Francisco João de Azevedo, besides Alberto Santos-Dumont,[386] Evaristo Conrado Engelberg,[387] Manuel Dias de Abreu,[388] Andreas Pavel[389] and Nélio José Nicolai. [414] The Brazilian health system was ranked 125th among the 191 countries evaluated by the World Health Organization (WHO) in 2000. A large number of Brazilians have ancestors from European countries, mainly from Portugal, then from Italy, Germany or Spain. It is the largest country to have Portuguese as an official language and the only one in the Americas;[12][13] it is also one of the most multicultural and ethnically diverse nations, due to over a century of mass immigration from around the world;[14] as well as the most populous Roman Catholic-majority country. According to many critics, the economic crisis in the 1980s worsened environmental degradation in Brazil because it led to overexploitation of natural resources, stimulated settlement in fragile lands in both rural and urban areas, and weakened environmental protection. Brazil, which is named after reddish dyewood (pau brasil), has long been famous for the wealth of its tropical forests. [187], In the north, the Guiana Highlands form a major drainage divide, separating rivers that flow south into the Amazon Basin from rivers that empty into the Orinoco River system, in Venezuela, to the north. São Paulo, Companhia das Letras, 1997. Brazil's current constitution, formulated in 1988, defines it as a democratic federal republic. [98], The foreign-affairs policies of the monarchy dealt with issues with the countries of the Southern Cone with whom Brazil had borders. [470][471] Brazil has the second largest Jewish community in Latin America making up 0.06% of its population. [15], Brazil is the fifth largest country in the world, and third largest in the Americas, with a total area of 8,515,767.049 km2 (3,287,956 sq mi),[185] including 55,455 km2 (21,411 sq mi) of water. The Brazilian film industry began in the late 19th century, during the early days of the Belle Époque. 4. The first was the Constitutionalist Revolution in 1932, led by the Paulista oligarchy. [209] The President appoints the Ministers of State, who assist in government. Boxer, Charles Ralph (1962). Each of these public educational systems is responsible for its own maintenance, which manages funds as well as the mechanisms and funding sources. The architect Oscar Niemeyer idealized and built government buildings, churches and civic buildings in the modernist style. [548] Often, it is mixed with cassava flour (farofa). There he swore an oath to the new constitution, leaving his son, Prince Pedro de Alcântara, as Regent of the Kingdom of Brazil. [465], Higher percents of Blacks, mulattoes and tri-racials can be found in the eastern coast of the Northeastern region from Bahia to Paraíba[464][466] and also in northern Maranhão,[467][468] southern Minas Gerais[469] and in eastern Rio de Janeiro. [253], The country still has above-average levels of violent crime and particularly high levels of gun violence and homicide. [15] This unique environmental heritage makes Brazil one of 17 megadiverse countries, and is the subject of significant global interest and debate regarding deforestation and environmental protection. [524] Maracatu and Afoxê are two Afro-Brazilian music traditions that have been popularized by their appearance in the annual Brazilian Carnivals. Temperatures in the cities of São Paulo, Belo Horizonte, and Brasília are moderate (usually between 15 and 30 °C or 59 and 86 °F), despite their relatively low latitude, because of their elevation of approximately 1,000 meters (3,281 ft). The Northeast, with 1,561,178 square kilometers (602,774 sq mi), covers 18.3% of the national terrest concentration of rural population, and its living standards are the lowest in Brazil. From the 1960s it was attended by a theater dedicated to social and religious issues and to the flourishing of schools of dramatic art. Lawsuits on appeal may take several years to resolve, and in some cases more than a decade elapses before definitive rulings. This website uses cookies to improve your experience. Most of Brazil has moderate rainfall of between 1,000 and 1,500 millimetres (39.4 and 59.1 in) a year, with most of the rain falling in the winter (between December and April) south of the Equator. [344] Local government corruption is so prevalent that voters perceive it as a problem only if it surpasses certain levels, and only if a local media e.g. Much of the climate is tropical, with the south being relatively temperate. I hope you find an answer to your question, but if your don't then please send me your question via email, comment or via Google+ and I'll try and answer it. [562], The most popular sport in Brazil is football. [574], Brazil has hosted several high-profile international sporting events, like the 1950 FIFA World Cup[575] and recently has hosted the 2014 FIFA World Cup and 2019 Copa América. [364][365][366], In spite of this trend, revenues from international tourism continued to rise, from USD 4 billion in 2005 to 5 billion in 2007, despite 330 000 fewer arrivals. Peanuts are used to make paçoca, rapadura and pé-de-moleque. The major tributaries on the southern side are, from west to east, the Javari, Juruá, Purus (all three of which flow into the western section of the Amazon called the Solimões), Madeira, Tapajós, Xingu, and Tocantins. In parts of the savannas, where irrigated soybean production expanded in the 1980s, the water table has been affected. [152], Slowly, however, the wear and tear of years of dictatorial power that had not slowed the repression, even after the defeat of the leftist guerrillas,[153] plus the inability to deal with the economic crises of the period and popular pressure, made an opening policy inevitable, which from the regime side was led by Generals Ernesto Geisel and Golbery do Couto e Silva. 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