He recklessly used every means to extend his power. Get exclusive access to content from our 1768 First Edition with your subscription. The funds of the suppressed Society of Jesus, which Maximilian Joseph had destined for the reform of the educational system of the country, we're used to endowing a province of the knights of St John of Jerusalem, for the purpose of combating the enemies of the faith. [9] Nürnberg, Bavaria's second-largest city, became the scene of massive rallies, the Reichsparteitage. After his accession Bavaria was ruled by various houses, but in 1070 Emperor Henry IV gave the fief to Welf, or Guelph, d'Este IV (see Este ), who began the dynasty of the Guelphs .

That marked the start of the Wittelsbach dynasty, which was to rule Bavaria until 1918. On 15 March 1806 he ceded the Duchy of Berg to Napoleon. It was Henry the Lion who founded Munich.

The events of 1812 followed; in 1813 Bavaria was summoned to join the alliance against Napoleon, the demand being passionately backed by the crown prince Louis and by Marshal Wrede; on 8 October the treaty of Ried was signed, by which Bavaria threw in her lot with the Allies. Bavaria sided with Austria in the Austro-Prussian War (1866).

It was one of the five basic or stem duchies of medieval Germany. Margravial Opera House, Bayreuth, Bavaria, Germany. Meanwhile, on 1 February 1817, Montgelas had been dismissed; and Bavaria had entered on a new era of constitutional reform. Die Bajuwaren. Under the Wittelsbach emperor Louis IV (reigned 1328–47), Bavaria was briefly reunited.

The BPP was a Catholic party that represented the Bavarian tradition of particularist conservatism, through which monarchists and even separatist sentiments were conveyed.

Early in his reign Albert made some concessions to the reformers, who were still strong in Bavaria; but about 1563 he changed his attitude, favored the decrees of the Council of Trent, and pressed forward the work of the Counter-Reformation.

Only about one-fifth live in cities of 100,000 or more.

To the north lies another scenic area known as Franconian Switzerland, characterized by sinkholes, caves, and outcrops and dominated by the ruins of medieval castles.

Horst Seehofer was quickly proposed as their successor. Bavaria accordingly opposed the Prussian proposals for the reorganization of the Confederation, and one of the last acts of King Maximilian was to take a conspicuous part in the assembly of princes summoned to Frankfurt in 1863 by the emperor Francis Joseph. The Bavarian Party was founded shortly after the war. A clean sweep was made of the medieval polity surviving in the somnolent local diets and corporations. The reputation of Bavaria, particularly Munich, as a cultural center dates from their reigns. Rupert died in 1504, and the following year an arrangement was made at the Diet of Cologne by which the emperor and Philip's grandson, Otto Henry, obtained certain outlying districts, while Albert by securing the bulk of George's possessions united Bavaria under his rule. Throughout the 18th century, Bavaria was ravaged by the wars of the Spanish Succession and the Austrian Succession. In 1886 he was declared insane, and an uncle, Luitpold, became regent that same year. Many Bavarians supported Nazism, but others, especially in the rural areas, opposed the regime’s anti-Catholic policies. Infoplease is part of the FEN Learning family of educational and reference sites for parents, teachers and students.

In the early 1920s, Munich became the center of the National Socialist (Nazi) movement; in 1923 the National Socialists made an abortive attempt (Beer Hall Putsch) in that city to seize power. William III, a loyal servant of the emperor Sigismund, died in 1435, leaving an only son, Adolf, who died five years later; and Ernest, distinguished for his strength, died in 1438. The question was thus left open, the tension between the two powers remained high, and the war was only averted by the authority of the Grand Alliance . Immediately after the first peace of Paris (1814), Bavaria ceded to Austria the northern Tyrol and Vorarlberg; during the Congress of Vienna it was decided that she was to add to these the greater part of Salzburg and the Innviertel and Hausruck [de]. For a century and a half, a succession of dukes resisted the inroads of the Slavs on their eastern frontier and by the time of Duke Theodo I, who died in 717, had achieved complete independence from the feeble Frankish kings. In 1027 AD, Conrad II split off the Bishopric of Trent from the former Lombard Kingdom of Italy. Maximilian’s successor, Louis II (reigned 1864–86), refused the Prussian chancellor Otto von Bismarck’s proposal to incorporate Bavaria into a German domain under Prussian leadership, and Bavaria sided with Austria in the Prussian-Austrian War of 1866. When Otto of Wittelsbach gained Bavaria at Altenburg in September 1180, the duchy's borders comprised the Böhmerwald, the Inn, the Alps and the Lech; and the duke exercised practical power only over his extensive private domains around Wittelsbach, Kelheim and Straubing. To the southeast the topography varies from the stratified land formations of Swabia-Franconia to shell limestone and red marl, the hill country of the Franconian-Rednitz Basin, and the limestone mountains of the Franconian Jura along the Danube, which divides Bavaria north and south. Bavaria-Munich passed on after the death of John II in 1397 to his sons Ernest and William III, but they only obtained possession of their lands after a struggle with Stephen of Bavaria-Ingolstadt. In 911 the duchy (then comprising, roughly, Bavaria proper, present-day Austria, and part of the Upper Palatinate) came under indigenous rulers. During the First World War, Ludwig's eldest son, Crown Prince Rupprecht, commanded the Bavarian army and became one of the leading German commanders on the Western Front.

In the war of 1805, in accordance with a treaty of alliance signed at Würzburg on 23 September, Bavarian troops, for the first time since the days of Charles VII, fought side by side with the French, and by the Treaty of Pressburg, signed on 26 December, the Principality of Eichstädt, the Margraviate of Burgau, the Lordship of Vorarlberg, the counties of Hohenems and Königsegg-Rothenfels, the lordships of Argen and Tettnang, and the city of Lindau with its territory was to be added to Bavaria.

The assassination (Feb., 1919) of Eisner led to a Communist revolution (Apr., 1919), which was bloodily suppressed by the German army. In the War of the Bavarian Succession (1778–79), Frederick II (the Great) of Prussia successfully prevented Austria from incorporating a large part of Bavaria to which it had laid claim.

Bavaria Alarm was established with the objective of providing fire detection, alarm and ‎automated extinguishing systems. On 31 March 1871, moreover, the bonds with the rest of the empire had been drawn closer by the acceptance of a number of laws of the North German Confederation, of which the most important was the new criminal code, which was finally put into force in Bavaria in 1879. Bavaria has well-developed road and rail networks. Juni) gezwungen. On 13 October 1825, his son Ludwig I succeeded him. This condition of affairs, however, had some benefits. From 1945, Bavaria has been politically dominated by the Christian Social Union, the main successor of the Bavarian People's Party and sister party of the Christian Democratic Union, the main center-right party in Germany. Bavaria is bounded to the north by the states of Thuringia and Saxony, to the east by the Czech Republic, to the south and southeast by Austria, and to the west by the states of Baden-Württemberg and Hessen. 1999 That year was a strategic turning point in Bavaria's history, as Bavaria Holding was established to ‎encompass all the Bavaria companies. Opening of the new training and maintenance center on April in Nuremberg. The six Bavarian kings reigned as constitutional monarchs. With the rise of the Nazis to power in 1933, the Bavarian parliament was dissolved without new elections.

At the same time, the rural prosperity of Bavaria and the strong influence of the Catholic Church (which predominates except in the Upper Palatinate and in Middle Franconia) accented the hostility of Bavaria toward the rising power of Prussia. Bavaria - Bavaria - History: The earliest known inhabitants in the area of present-day Bavaria were the Celts. A year later, Ludwig deposed his cousin, Otto, and proclaimed himself King Ludwig III of Bavaria. Bavaria has a continental climate that is harsh for middle Europe, although there are some exceptions, such as the Lower Main valley. It is the most developed and up-to-date firefighting training center in the Arab region.

In the 21st century Bavaria served as an engine of German economic growth, balancing a global outlook with a distinct and robust cultural identity. When he died in 1347 he left six sons to share his possessions, who agreed upon a division of Bavaria in 1349. By the 1st article of the treaty, the emperor acknowledged the assumption by the elector of the title of king, as Maximilian I.

In foreign affairs Schrenk, like his predecessor, aimed at safeguarding the independence of Bavaria, and supported the idea of superseding the actual constitution of the Confederation by a supreme directory, in which Bavaria, as leader of the purely German states, would hold the balance between Prussia and Austria.

The National Socialist movement of Adolf Hitler got its start in Munich, and in 1923 Hitler and Gen. Erich Ludendorff attempted their unsuccessful putsch in that city. Revelers celebrating Oktoberfest in a beer hall in Munich, Germany.

Mainly due to the support of the Bavarians, Arnulf could take the field against Charles in 887 AD and secure his own election as a German king in the following year. Learn more about the mythic conflict between the Argives and the Trojans. Albert I's duchy of Bavaria-Straubing passed with Holland and Hainaut on his death in 1404 to his son William II, and in 1417 to his younger son John III, who resigned the Bishopric of Liège to take up his new position.